What is the integral of 1-2cos(x)+cos^2(x) ?

The integral of 1-2cos(x)+cos^2(x) is 3/2 x+1/4 sin(2x)-2sin(x)+C

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integral of 1-2cos(x)+cos^2(x)

\int 1 - 2 cos (x) + cos^{2} (x) d x

\frac{3}{2} x + \frac{1}{4} sin (2 x) - 2 sin (x) + C

Solution steps

\int 1 - 2 cos (x) + cos^{2} (x) d x

Apply the Sum Rule:

\int f (x) \pm g (x) d x = \int f (x) d x \pm \int g (x) d x

= \int 1 d x - \int 2 cos (x) d x + \int cos^{2} (x) d x

\int 1 d x = x

\int 2 cos (x) d x = 2 sin (x)

\int cos^{2} (x) d x = \frac{1}{2} (x + \frac{1}{2} sin (2 x))

= x - 2 sin (x) + \frac{1}{2} (x + \frac{1}{2} sin (2 x))

Simplify

x - 2 sin (x) + \frac{1}{2} (x + \frac{1}{2} sin (2 x)) : \frac{3}{2} x + \frac{1}{4} sin (2 x) - 2 sin (x)

= \frac{3}{2} x + \frac{1}{4} sin (2 x) - 2 sin (x)

Add a constant to the solution

= \frac{3}{2} x + \frac{1}{4} sin (2 x) - 2 sin (x) + C

What is the integral of 1-2cos(x)+cos^2(x) ?
The integral of 1-2cos(x)+cos^2(x) is 3/2 x+1/4 sin(2x)-2sin(x)+C