What is the integral of (3-x^2)/(x^3-x) ?

The integral of (3-x^2)/(x^3-x) is -3ln|x|+ln|x+1|+ln|x-1|+C

English

Español

Português

Français

Deutsch

Italiano

Русский

中文(简体)

한국어

日本語

Tiếng Việt

עברית

العربية

integral of (3-x^2)/(x^3-x)

\int \frac{3 - x ^{2}}{x ^{3} - x} d x

- 3 ln ∣ x ∣ + ln ∣ x + 1 ∣ + ln ∣ x - 1 ∣ + C

Solution steps

\int \frac{3 - x ^{2}}{x ^{3} - x} d x

Take the partial fraction of

\frac{3 - x ^{2}}{x ^{3} - x} : - \frac{3}{x} + \frac{1}{x + 1} + \frac{1}{x - 1}

= \int - \frac{3}{x} + \frac{1}{x + 1} + \frac{1}{x - 1} d x

Apply the Sum Rule:

\int f (x) \pm g (x) d x = \int f (x) d x \pm \int g (x) d x

= - \int \frac{3}{x} d x + \int \frac{1}{x + 1} d x + \int \frac{1}{x - 1} d x

\int \frac{3}{x} d x = 3 ln ∣ x ∣

\int \frac{1}{x + 1} d x = ln ∣ x + 1 ∣

\int \frac{1}{x - 1} d x = ln ∣ x - 1 ∣

= - 3 ln ∣ x ∣ + ln ∣ x + 1 ∣ + ln ∣ x - 1 ∣

Add a constant to the solution

= - 3 ln ∣ x ∣ + ln ∣ x + 1 ∣ + ln ∣ x - 1 ∣ + C

What is the integral of (3-x^2)/(x^3-x) ?
The integral of (3-x^2)/(x^3-x) is -3ln|x|+ln|x+1|+ln|x-1|+C