What is the integral of (1-x)/(x^2-x+1) ?

The integral of (1-x)/(x^2-x+1) is -1/2 ln|4x^2-4x+4|+1/(sqrt(3))arctan(1/(sqrt(3))(2x-1))+C

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integral of (1-x)/(x^2-x+1)

\int \frac{1 - x}{x ^{2} - x + 1} d x

- \frac{1}{2} ln 4 x^{2} - 4 x + 4 + \frac{1}{3} arctan (\frac{1}{3} (2 x - 1)) + C

Solution steps

\int \frac{1 - x}{x ^{2} - x + 1} d x

Expand

\frac{1 - x}{x ^{2} - x + 1} : \frac{1}{x ^{2} - x + 1} - \frac{x}{x ^{2} - x + 1}

Apply the Sum Rule:

\int f (x) \pm g (x) d x = \int f (x) d x \pm \int g (x) d x

= \int \frac{1}{x ^{2} - x + 1} d x - \int \frac{x}{x ^{2} - x + 1} d x

\int \frac{1}{x ^{2} - x + 1} d x = \frac{2}{3} arctan (\frac{2 x - 1}{3})

\int \frac{x}{x ^{2} - x + 1} d x = \frac{1}{2} ln 4 x^{2} - 4 x + 4 + \frac{1}{3} arctan (\frac{2 x - 1}{3})

= \frac{2}{3} arctan (\frac{2 x - 1}{3}) - (\frac{1}{2} ln 4 x^{2} - 4 x + 4 + \frac{1}{3} arctan (\frac{2 x - 1}{3}))

Simplify

\frac{2}{3} arctan (\frac{2 x - 1}{3}) - (\frac{1}{2} ln 4 x^{2} - 4 x + 4 + \frac{1}{3} arctan (\frac{2 x - 1}{3})) : - \frac{1}{2} ln 4 x^{2} - 4 x + 4 + \frac{1}{3} arctan (\frac{1}{3} (2 x - 1))

= - \frac{1}{2} ln 4 x^{2} - 4 x + 4 + \frac{1}{3} arctan (\frac{1}{3} (2 x - 1))

Add a constant to the solution

= - \frac{1}{2} ln 4 x^{2} - 4 x + 4 + \frac{1}{3} arctan (\frac{1}{3} (2 x - 1)) + C

What is the integral of (1-x)/(x^2-x+1) ?
The integral of (1-x)/(x^2-x+1) is -1/2 ln|4x^2-4x+4|+1/(sqrt(3))arctan(1/(sqrt(3))(2x-1))+C