What is the integral of cot(31x) ?

The integral of cot(31x) is 1/31 ln|sin(31x)|+C

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integral of cot(31x)

\int cot (31 x) d x

\frac{1}{31} ln ∣ sin (31 x) ∣ + C

Solution steps

\int cot (31 x) d x

Rewrite using trig identities

= \int \frac{cos ( 31 x )}{sin ( 31 x )} d x

Apply u-substitution

= \int \frac{1}{31 u} d u

Take the constant out:

\int a \cdot f (x) d x = a \cdot \int f (x) d x

= \frac{1}{31} \cdot \int \frac{1}{u} d u

Use the common integral:

\int \frac{1}{u} d u = ln (∣ u ∣)

= \frac{1}{31} ln ∣ u ∣

Substitute back

u = sin (31 x)

= \frac{1}{31} ln ∣ sin (31 x) ∣

Add a constant to the solution

= \frac{1}{31} ln ∣ sin (31 x) ∣ + C

What is the integral of cot(31x) ?
The integral of cot(31x) is 1/31 ln|sin(31x)|+C