What is the integral of (4x)/(x^2-a^2) ?

The integral of (4x)/(x^2-a^2) is 2ln|x^2-a^2|+C

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integral of (4x)/(x^2-a^2)

\int \frac{4 x}{x ^{2} - a ^{2}} d x

2 ln x^{2} - a^{2} + C

Solution steps

\int \frac{4 x}{x ^{2} - a ^{2}} d x

Take the constant out:

\int a \cdot f (x) d x = a \cdot \int f (x) d x

= 4 \cdot \int \frac{x}{x ^{2} - a ^{2}} d x

Apply u-substitution

= 4 \cdot \int \frac{1}{2 u} d u

Take the constant out:

\int a \cdot f (x) d x = a \cdot \int f (x) d x

= 4 \cdot \frac{1}{2} \cdot \int \frac{1}{u} d u

Use the common integral:

\int \frac{1}{u} d u = ln (∣ u ∣)

= 4 \cdot \frac{1}{2} ln ∣ u ∣

Substitute back

u = x^{2} - a^{2}

= 4 \cdot \frac{1}{2} ln x^{2} - a^{2}

Simplify

4 \cdot \frac{1}{2} ln x^{2} - a^{2} : 2 ln x^{2} - a^{2}

= 2 ln x^{2} - a^{2}

Add a constant to the solution

= 2 ln x^{2} - a^{2} + C

What is the integral of (4x)/(x^2-a^2) ?
The integral of (4x)/(x^2-a^2) is 2ln|x^2-a^2|+C