What is the integral of 1/((x(x^4+1))) ?

The integral of 1/((x(x^4+1))) is 1/4 (4ln(x)-ln|1+x^4|)+C

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integral of 1/((x(x^4+1)))

integral

\frac{1}{( x ( x ^{4} + 1 ) )}

\frac{1}{4} (4 ln (x) - ln 1 + x^{4}) + C

Solution steps

\int \frac{1}{x ( x ^{4} + 1 )} d x

Apply u-substitution

= \int \frac{1}{4 ( u - 1 ) u} d u

Take the constant out:

\int a \cdot f (x) d x = a \cdot \int f (x) d x

= \frac{1}{4} \cdot \int \frac{1}{( u - 1 ) u} d u

Take the partial fraction of

\frac{1}{( u - 1 ) u} : \frac{1}{u - 1} - \frac{1}{u}

= \frac{1}{4} \cdot \int \frac{1}{u - 1} - \frac{1}{u} d u

Apply the Sum Rule:

\int f (x) \pm g (x) d x = \int f (x) d x \pm \int g (x) d x

= \frac{1}{4} (\int \frac{1}{u - 1} d u - \int \frac{1}{u} d u)

\int \frac{1}{u - 1} d u = ln ∣ u - 1 ∣

\int \frac{1}{u} d u = ln ∣ u ∣

= \frac{1}{4} (ln ∣ u - 1 ∣ - ln ∣ u ∣)

Substitute back

u = 1 + x^{4}

= \frac{1}{4} (ln 1 + x^{4} - 1 - ln 1 + x^{4})

Simplify

\frac{1}{4} (ln 1 + x^{4} - 1 - ln 1 + x^{4}) : \frac{1}{4} (4 ln (x) - ln 1 + x^{4})

= \frac{1}{4} (4 ln (x) - ln 1 + x^{4})

Add a constant to the solution

= \frac{1}{4} (4 ln (x) - ln 1 + x^{4}) + C

What is the integral of 1/((x(x^4+1))) ?
The integral of 1/((x(x^4+1))) is 1/4 (4ln(x)-ln|1+x^4|)+C