What is the integral of (1-1/x)^2 ?

The integral of (1-1/x)^2 is x-2ln|x|-1/x+C

English

Español

Português

Français

Deutsch

Italiano

Русский

中文(简体)

한국어

日本語

Tiếng Việt

עברית

العربية

integral of (1-1/x)^2

\int (1 - \frac{1}{x})^{2} d x

x - 2 ln ∣ x ∣ - \frac{1}{x} + C

Solution steps

\int (1 - \frac{1}{x})^{2} d x

Expand

(1 - \frac{1}{x})^{2} : 1 - \frac{2}{x} + \frac{1}{x ^{2}}

= \int 1 - \frac{2}{x} + \frac{1}{x ^{2}} d x

Apply the Sum Rule:

\int f (x) \pm g (x) d x = \int f (x) d x \pm \int g (x) d x

= \int 1 d x - \int \frac{2}{x} d x + \int \frac{1}{x ^{2}} d x

\int 1 d x = x

\int \frac{2}{x} d x = 2 ln ∣ x ∣

\int \frac{1}{x ^{2}} d x = - \frac{1}{x}

= x - 2 ln ∣ x ∣ - \frac{1}{x}

Add a constant to the solution

= x - 2 ln ∣ x ∣ - \frac{1}{x} + C